RUSSIAN & UKRAINIAN WAR
The Russian-Ukrainian war, which began in February 2022, is one of the most significant military and political conflicts in the modern world. It has had a major impact on European and global security, as well as on the economy and energy markets.
Background of the Conflict:
- The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has deep historical roots, particularly since Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and its support for separatists in eastern Ukraine.
- In 2022, tensions escalated as Russia launched a full-scale military operation in Ukraine, justifying it with concerns about NATO's eastward expansion and the need to "protect" Russian-speaking populations in Ukraine.
Developments in the War:
Initial Offensive:
- Russia began with a large-scale invasion aimed at capturing Kyiv and other major cities but faced fierce Ukrainian resistance.
- The failure of the assault on Kyiv led Russian forces to withdraw and reposition themselves in eastern and southern Ukraine.
Battles in the East and South:
- Fighting focused on the Donbas and Zaporizhzhia regions, with Russia aiming to seize key cities like Mariupol.
- In September 2022, Russia announced the annexation of four Ukrainian regions (Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson), but this move was not recognized internationally.
Western Support for Ukraine:
- Ukraine has received substantial military and financial aid from the West, particularly from the United States and European Union, including advanced defense systems.
- Western countries imposed severe economic sanctions on Russia targeting its energy sector, banks, and prominent individuals.
Global Impact:
- Economic Consequences:
- Energy and food prices surged due to disruptions in the supply of oil, gas, and wheat, as Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of these commodities.
- European Security:
- The war prompted countries like Finland and Sweden to pursue NATO membership.
- Geopolitical Tensions:
- Russia strengthened its partnerships with countries like China and Iran while its confrontation with the West intensified.
Current Situation:
The war continues, with fighting concentrated in eastern Ukraine. Russia is attempting to secure territorial gains, while Ukraine, bolstered by Western support, is preparing for counter-offensives. Diplomatic efforts to end the conflict remain highly challenging.